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Replace NSS with Pale Moon's
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>PK12UTIL</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="PK12UTIL"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">PK12UTIL</th></tr></table><hr></div><div class="refentry"><a name="pk12util"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>pk12util — Export and import keys and certificate to or from a PKCS #12 file and the NSS database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">pk12util</code> [-i p12File|-l p12File|-o p12File] [-d [sql:]directory] [-h tokenname] [-P dbprefix] [-r] [-v] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]</p></div></div><div class="refsection"><a name="idm45659476549872"></a><h2>STATUS</h2><p>This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the initial review in <a class="ulink" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=836477" target="_top">Mozilla NSS bug 836477</a>
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</p></div><div class="refsection"><a name="description"></a><h2>Description</h2><p>The PKCS #12 utility, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span>, enables sharing certificates among any server that supports PKCS #12. The tool can import certificates and keys from PKCS #12 files into security databases, export certificates, and list certificates and keys.</p></div><div class="refsection"><a name="options"></a><h2>Options and Arguments</h2><p><span class="command"><strong>Options</strong></span></p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">-i p12file</span></dt><dd><p>Import keys and certificates from a PKCS #12 file into a security database.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-l p12file</span></dt><dd><p>List the keys and certificates in PKCS #12 file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-o p12file</span></dt><dd><p>Export keys and certificates from the security database to a PKCS #12 file.</p></dd></dl></div><p><span class="command"><strong>Arguments</strong></span></p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">-c keyCipher</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the key encryption algorithm.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-C certCipher</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the certiticate encryption algorithm.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-d [sql:]directory</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the database directory into which to import to or export from certificates and keys.</p><p><span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> supports two types of databases: the legacy security databases (<code class="filename">cert8.db</code>, <code class="filename">key3.db</code>, and <code class="filename">secmod.db</code>) and new SQLite databases (<code class="filename">cert9.db</code>, <code class="filename">key4.db</code>, and <code class="filename">pkcs11.txt</code>). If the prefix <span class="command"><strong>sql:</strong></span> is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in the old format.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-h tokenname</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the name of the token to import into or export from.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-k slotPasswordFile</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the text file containing the slot's password.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-K slotPassword</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the slot's password.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-m | --key-len keyLength</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the private key.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-n | --cert-key-len certKeyLength</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the certificates and other meta-data.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-n certname</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the nickname of the cert and private key to export.</p><p>The nickname can also be a PKCS #11 URI. For example, if you have a certificate named "my-server-cert" on the internal certificate store, it can be unambiguously specified as "pkcs11:token=NSS%20Certificate%20DB;object=my-server-cert". For details about the format, see RFC 7512.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-P prefix</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the prefix used on the certificate and key databases. This option is provided as a special case.
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>PK12UTIL</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="PK12UTIL"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">PK12UTIL</th></tr></table><hr></div><div class="refentry"><a name="pk12util"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>pk12util — Export and import keys and certificate to or from a PKCS #12 file and the NSS database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">pk12util</code> [-i p12File|-l p12File|-o p12File] [-c keyCipher] [-C certCipher] [-d directory] [-h tokenname] [-m | --key-len keyLength] [-M hashAlg] [-n certname] [-P dbprefix] [-r] [-v] [--cert-key-len certKeyLength] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]</p></div></div><div class="refsection"><a name="idm45355426428624"></a><h2>STATUS</h2><p>This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the initial review in <a class="ulink" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=836477" target="_top">Mozilla NSS bug 836477</a>
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</p></div><div class="refsection"><a name="description"></a><h2>Description</h2><p>The PKCS #12 utility, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span>, enables sharing certificates among any server that supports PKCS #12. The tool can import certificates and keys from PKCS #12 files into security databases, export certificates, and list certificates and keys.</p></div><div class="refsection"><a name="options"></a><h2>Options and Arguments</h2><p><span class="command"><strong>Options</strong></span></p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">-i p12file</span></dt><dd><p>Import keys and certificates from a PKCS #12 file into a security database.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-l p12file</span></dt><dd><p>List the keys and certificates in PKCS #12 file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-o p12file</span></dt><dd><p>Export keys and certificates from the security database to a PKCS #12 file.</p></dd></dl></div><p><span class="command"><strong>Arguments</strong></span></p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">-c keyCipher</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the key encryption algorithm.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-C certCipher</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the certiticate encryption algorithm.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-d directory</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the database directory into which to import to or export from certificates and keys.</p><p><span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> supports two types of databases: the legacy security databases (<code class="filename">cert8.db</code>, <code class="filename">key3.db</code>, and <code class="filename">secmod.db</code>) and new SQLite databases (<code class="filename">cert9.db</code>, <code class="filename">key4.db</code>, and <code class="filename">pkcs11.txt</code>). If the prefix <span class="command"><strong>dbm:</strong></span> is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in the SQLite format.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-h tokenname</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the name of the token to import into or export from.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-k slotPasswordFile</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the text file containing the slot's password.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-K slotPassword</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the slot's password.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-m | --key-len keyLength</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the private key.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-M hashAlg</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the hash algorithm used in the pkcs #12 mac. This algorithm also specifies the HMAC used in the prf when using pkcs #5 v2.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">--cert-key-len certKeyLength</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the certificates and other meta-data.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-n certname</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the nickname of the cert and private key to export.</p><p>The nickname can also be a PKCS #11 URI. For example, if you have a certificate named "my-server-cert" on the internal certificate store, it can be unambiguously specified as "pkcs11:token=NSS%20Certificate%20DB;object=my-server-cert". For details about the format, see RFC 7512.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-P prefix</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the prefix used on the certificate and key databases. This option is provided as a special case.
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Changing the names of the certificate and key databases is not recommended.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-r</span></dt><dd><p>Dumps all of the data in raw (binary) form. This must be saved as a DER file. The default is to return information in a pretty-print ASCII format, which displays the information about the certificates and public keys in the p12 file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-v </span></dt><dd><p>Enable debug logging when importing.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-w p12filePasswordFile</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the text file containing the pkcs #12 file password.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-W p12filePassword</span></dt><dd><p>Specify the pkcs #12 file password.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsection"><a name="return-codes"></a><h2>Return Codes</h2><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p> 0 - No error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1 - User Cancelled</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 2 - Usage error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 6 - NLS init error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 8 - Certificate DB open error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 9 - Key DB open error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 10 - File initialization error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 11 - Unicode conversion error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 12 - Temporary file creation error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 13 - PKCS11 get slot error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 14 - PKCS12 decoder start error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 15 - error read from import file</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 16 - pkcs12 decode error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 17 - pkcs12 decoder verify error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 18 - pkcs12 decoder validate bags error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 19 - pkcs12 decoder import bags error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 20 - key db conversion version 3 to version 2 error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 21 - cert db conversion version 7 to version 5 error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 22 - cert and key dbs patch error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 23 - get default cert db error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 24 - find cert by nickname error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 25 - create export context error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 26 - PKCS12 add password itegrity error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 27 - cert and key Safes creation error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 28 - PKCS12 add cert and key error</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 29 - PKCS12 encode error</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="refsection"><a name="examples"></a><h2>Examples</h2><p><span class="command"><strong>Importing Keys and Certificates</strong></span></p><p>The most basic usage of <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> for importing a certificate or key is the PKCS #12 input file (<code class="option">-i</code>) and some way to specify the security database being accessed (either <code class="option">-d</code> for a directory or <code class="option">-h</code> for a token).
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</p><p>
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pk12util -i p12File [-h tokenname] [-v] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]
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</p><p>For example:</p><p> </p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
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pk12util -i p12File [-h tokenname] [-v] [-d directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]
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</p><p>For example:</p><p> </p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d /home/my/sharednssdb
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Enter a password which will be used to encrypt your keys.
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The password should be at least 8 characters long,
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@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ Enter new password:
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Re-enter password:
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Enter password for PKCS12 file:
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pk12util: PKCS12 IMPORT SUCCESSFUL</pre><p><span class="command"><strong>Exporting Keys and Certificates</strong></span></p><p>Using the <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> command to export certificates and keys requires both the name of the certificate to extract from the database (<code class="option">-n</code>) and the PKCS #12-formatted output file to write to. There are optional parameters that can be used to encrypt the file to protect the certificate material.
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</p><p>pk12util -o p12File -n certname [-c keyCipher] [-C certCipher] [-m|--key_len keyLen] [-n|--cert_key_len certKeyLen] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]</p><p>For example:</p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -o certs.p12 -n Server-Cert -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
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</p><p>pk12util -o p12File -n certname [-c keyCipher] [-C certCipher] [-m|--key_len keyLen] [-n|--cert_key_len certKeyLen] [-d directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]</p><p>For example:</p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -o certs.p12 -n Server-Cert -d /home/my/sharednssdb
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Enter password for PKCS12 file:
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Re-enter password: </pre><p><span class="command"><strong>Listing Keys and Certificates</strong></span></p><p>The information in a <code class="filename">.p12</code> file are not human-readable. The certificates and keys in the file can be printed (listed) in a human-readable pretty-print format that shows information for every certificate and any public keys in the <code class="filename">.p12</code> file.
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</p><p>pk12util -l p12File [-h tokenname] [-r] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]</p><p>For example, this prints the default ASCII output:</p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -l certs.p12
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</p><p>pk12util -l p12File [-h tokenname] [-r] [-d directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]</p><p>For example, this prints the default ASCII output:</p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -l certs.p12
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Enter password for PKCS12 file:
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Key(shrouded):
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@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ BerkleyDB. These new databases provide more accessibility and performance:</p><d
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key4.db for keys
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</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
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pkcs11.txt, which is listing of all of the PKCS #11 modules contained in a new subdirectory in the security databases directory
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</p></li></ul></div><p>Because the SQLite databases are designed to be shared, these are the <span class="emphasis"><em>shared</em></span> database type. The shared database type is preferred; the legacy format is included for backward compatibility.</p><p>By default, the tools (<span class="command"><strong>certutil</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>modutil</strong></span>) assume that the given security databases follow the more common legacy type.
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Using the SQLite databases must be manually specified by using the <span class="command"><strong>sql:</strong></span> prefix with the given security directory. For example:</p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb</pre><p>To set the shared database type as the default type for the tools, set the <code class="envar">NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE</code> environment variable to <code class="envar">sql</code>:</p><pre class="programlisting">export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="sql"</pre><p>This line can be set added to the <code class="filename">~/.bashrc</code> file to make the change permanent.</p><p>Most applications do not use the shared database by default, but they can be configured to use them. For example, this how-to article covers how to configure Firefox and Thunderbird to use the new shared NSS databases:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
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</p></li></ul></div><p>Because the SQLite databases are designed to be shared, these are the <span class="emphasis"><em>shared</em></span> database type. The shared database type is preferred; the legacy format is included for backward compatibility.</p><p>By default, the tools (<span class="command"><strong>certutil</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>modutil</strong></span>) assume that the given security databases use the SQLite type
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Using the legacy databases must be manually specified by using the <span class="command"><strong>dbm:</strong></span> prefix with the given security directory. For example:</p><pre class="programlisting"># pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d dbm:/home/my/sharednssdb</pre><p>To set the legacy database type as the default type for the tools, set the <code class="envar">NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE</code> environment variable to <code class="envar">dbm</code>:</p><pre class="programlisting">export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="dbm"</pre><p>This line can be set added to the <code class="filename">~/.bashrc</code> file to make the change permanent.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
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https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto</p></li></ul></div><p>For an engineering draft on the changes in the shared NSS databases, see the NSS project wiki:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
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https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB
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</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="refsection"><a name="compatibility"></a><h2>Compatibility Notes</h2><p>The exporting behavior of <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> has changed over time, while importing files exported with older versions of NSS is still supported.</p><p>Until the 3.30 release, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> used the UTF-16 encoding for the PKCS #5 password-based encryption schemes, while the recommendation is to encode passwords in UTF-8 if the used encryption scheme is defined outside of the PKCS #12 standard.</p><p>Until the 3.31 release, even when <strong class="userinput"><code>"AES-128-CBC"</code></strong> or <strong class="userinput"><code>"AES-192-CBC"</code></strong> is given from the command line, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> always used 256-bit AES as the underlying encryption scheme.</p><p>For historical reasons, <span class="command"><strong>pk12util</strong></span> accepts password-based encryption schemes not listed in this document. However, those schemes are not officially supported and may have issues in interoperability with other tools.</p></div><div class="refsection"><a name="seealso"></a><h2>See Also</h2><p>certutil (1)</p><p>modutil (1)</p><p>The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how to configure applications to use it.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
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