diff --git a/engine.js b/engine.js
index d1f22e3..b254e99 100644
--- a/engine.js
+++ b/engine.js
@@ -1806,7 +1806,6 @@ this.cityById.set(city.id, city);
 const bucketKey = this.cityBucketKey(city.x, city.y);
 if (!this.cityBuckets.has(bucketKey)) this.cityBuckets.set(bucketKey, []);
 this.cityBuckets.get(bucketKey).push(city);
-this.assignNewCityToTerritoryOwner(city, i);
 foundedThisTick++;
 }
 if (city) {
@@ -1873,42 +1872,6 @@ w.mineral[tile] * 0.9 -
 w.move[tile] * 1.1 -
 nearbyPenalty;
 }
-assignNewCityToTerritoryOwner(city, tile) {
-const w = this.world;
-const ownerId = w.polity?.[tile] ?? -1;
-if (!city || ownerId < 0) return false;
-const polity = this.getPolityById(ownerId);
-if (!polity) return false;
-if (city.polityId != null && city.polityId !== ownerId) return false;
-const control = clamp(w.control?.[tile] || 0, 0, 1);
-const contested = !!w.contested?.[tile];
-if (contested && control < 0.35) return false;
-const cityEthnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(city);
-const nearest = this.nearestPolityCityToTile(polity, tile);
-const core = nearest || this.getCityById(polity.centerCityId);
-const coreEthnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(core);
-const sameEthnicity = cityEthnicity !== null && coreEthnicity !== null && cityEthnicity === coreEthnicity;
-const differentEthnicity = cityEthnicity !== null && coreEthnicity !== null && cityEthnicity !== coreEthnicity;
-const distance = nearest ? Math.abs(nearest.x - city.x) + Math.abs(nearest.y - city.y) : 24;
-let loyalty = 0.38 + control * 0.34 - (contested ? 0.18 : 0) + (sameEthnicity ? 0.10 : 0) - (differentEthnicity ? 0.10 : 0) - clamp((distance - 18) * 0.004, 0, 0.10);
-this.addCityToPolity(city, polity, clamp(loyalty, 0.18, 0.82));
-return true;
-}
-nearestPolityCityToTile(polity, tile) {
-const w = this.world;
-const x = tile % w.size;
-const y = Math.floor(tile / w.size);
-let best = null;
-let bestDistance = Infinity;
-for (const city of this.getPolityCities(polity)) {
-const distance = Math.abs(city.x - x) + Math.abs(city.y - y);
-if (distance < bestDistance) {
-best = city;
-bestDistance = distance;
-}
-}
-return best;
-}
 drawPopulationFromTilesForCity(city, group, amount) {
 const w = this.world;
 let remaining = Math.max(0, amount);
@@ -2196,10 +2159,8 @@ const capitalDistance = center ? this.effectiveDistance(center, city) : 0;
 const capitalFactor = city.id === polity.centerCityId ? 1.28 : clamp(1 - capitalDistance / 96, 0.58, 1);
 const loyaltyFactor = 0.62 + clamp(city.loyalty ?? 0.5, 0, 1) * 0.58;
 const tradeFactor = 1 + clamp((city.tradeReach || 0) / 60, 0, 0.42) + clamp((city.tradeValue || 0) * 0.10, 0, 0.22);
-const popScale = clamp(Math.log1p(city.population || 1) / Math.log(1200), 0, 1.6);
-const populationRadiusFactor = clamp(0.55 + popScale * 0.75, 0.55, 1.45);
-const baseInfluence = Math.max(1, this.cityInfluence(city)) * capitalFactor * loyaltyFactor * tradeFactor * (1 + popScale * 0.32);
-const radius = clamp(Math.ceil(maxRange * populationRadiusFactor + (city.id === polity.centerCityId ? 2 : 0)), 5, 48);
+const baseInfluence = Math.max(1, this.cityInfluence(city)) * capitalFactor * loyaltyFactor * tradeFactor;
+const radius = clamp(Math.ceil(maxRange * (0.62 + clamp(Math.sqrt(city.population || 1) / 30, 0, 0.45))), 6, maxRange);
 for (let dy = -radius; dy <= radius; dy++) {
 for (let dx = -radius; dx <= radius; dx++) {
 const manhattan = Math.abs(dx) + Math.abs(dy);
@@ -2210,16 +2171,15 @@ if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= w.size || y >= w.size) continue;
 const tile = w.idx(x, y);
 const isWater = w.terrain[tile] === Terrain.WATER;
 if (isWater && tile !== cityTile && !w.tradeRoute[tile] && !this.territoryWaterAnchor(tile)) continue;
-const routeBoost = w.tradeRoute[tile] ? 1.34 + clamp(city.tradeValue || 0, 0, 2) * 0.08 : 1;
+const routeBoost = w.tradeRoute[tile] ? 1.28 : 1;
 const terrainDrag = isWater ? 2.35 : w.move[tile] * (w.terrain[tile] === Terrain.MOUNTAIN ? 1.18 : 1);
 const effectiveDistance = (manhattan + terrainDrag * 1.4) / routeBoost;
 const distanceFalloff = clamp(1 - effectiveDistance / (radius + 4), 0, 1);
 if (distanceFalloff <= 0) continue;
-const localEthnicity = this.dominantTileEthnicity(tile);
-const ethnicityFactor = cityEthnicity !== null && localEthnicity >= 0 && cityEthnicity !== localEthnicity ? 0.88 : 1.07;
+const localEthnicity = w.dominantEthnicity[tile];
+const ethnicityFactor = cityEthnicity !== null && localEthnicity >= 0 && cityEthnicity !== localEthnicity ? 0.82 : 1.06;
 const populationAnchor = clamp(Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, w.population[tile])) / 20, 0, 0.28);
-const coreBoost = manhattan <= Math.max(2, Math.floor(2 + popScale * 3)) ? 1.25 + popScale * 0.22 : 1;
-const score = baseInfluence * distanceFalloff * distanceFalloff * routeBoost * ethnicityFactor * coreBoost * (1 + populationAnchor) / (1 + terrainDrag * 0.16);
+const score = baseInfluence * distanceFalloff * distanceFalloff * routeBoost * ethnicityFactor * (1 + populationAnchor) / (1 + terrainDrag * 0.18);
 if (score <= 0.8) continue;
 if (score > best[tile]) {
 if (owner[tile] !== polity.id) second[tile] = best[tile];
@@ -2237,7 +2197,7 @@ for (let i = 0; i < w.count; i++) {
 if (owner[i] < 0 || best[i] < threshold) continue;
 w.polity[i] = owner[i];
 w.claim[i] = clamp(best[i] / 22, 0, 1);
-w.control[i] = clamp((best[i] - threshold) / 15, 0.12, 1);
+w.control[i] = clamp((best[i] - threshold) / 18, 0.12, 1);
 if (second[i] > best[i] * 0.72) w.contested[i] = 1;
 }
 this.applyStoredTerritorialClaims();
@@ -2305,15 +2265,14 @@ return stats;
 campaignPressureOnTerritories() {
 const w = this.world;
 const cfg = SimConfig.campaign || {};
+const radius = cfg.claimRadius ?? 8;
 for (const campaign of this.campaigns || []) {
 if (campaign.status !== "active" || campaign.targetTile == null) continue;
 const attacker = this.getPolityById(campaign.attackerPolityId);
 if (!attacker) continue;
-const radius = campaign.type === "border_war" ? Math.max(5, Math.floor((cfg.claimRadius ?? 8) * 1.25)) : cfg.claimRadius ?? 8;
-if (!campaign.affectedTiles?.length) campaign.affectedTiles = this.campaignAffectedTiles(campaign.targetTile, radius);
 const cx = campaign.targetTile % w.size;
 const cy = Math.floor(campaign.targetTile / w.size);
-const pressure = clamp(0.10 + campaign.progress * (campaign.type === "border_war" ? 0.38 : 0.28), 0.08, campaign.type === "border_war" ? 0.52 : 0.42);
+const pressure = clamp(0.10 + campaign.progress * 0.28, 0.08, 0.42);
 for (let dy = -radius; dy <= radius; dy++) {
 for (let dx = -radius; dx <= radius; dx++) {
 const distance = Math.abs(dx) + Math.abs(dy);
@@ -2336,25 +2295,6 @@ w.contested[tile] = 1;
 }
 }
 }
-campaignAffectedTiles(centerTile, radius) {
-const w = this.world;
-const tiles = [];
-if (centerTile == null) return tiles;
-const cx = centerTile % w.size;
-const cy = Math.floor(centerTile / w.size);
-for (let dy = -radius; dy <= radius; dy++) {
-for (let dx = -radius; dx <= radius; dx++) {
-const distance = Math.abs(dx) + Math.abs(dy);
-if (distance > radius) continue;
-const x = cx + dx;
-const y = cy + dy;
-if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= w.size || y >= w.size) continue;
-const tile = w.idx(x, y);
-if (w.terrain[tile] !== Terrain.WATER) tiles.push(tile);
-}
-}
-return tiles;
-}
 getCityById(id) {
 const cached = this.cityById?.get(id);
 if (cached) return cached;
@@ -2385,14 +2325,6 @@ dominantCityEthnicity(city) {
 if (!city || !city.ethnicityComposition || !city.ethnicityComposition.size) return null;
 return dominantComposition(city.ethnicityComposition) || null;
 }
-dominantTileEthnicity(tile) {
-const mix = this.tileEthnicMix?.get(tile);
-if (mix?.size) {
-const dominant = dominantComposition(mix);
-if (dominant != null) return dominant;
-}
-return this.world.dominantEthnicity?.[tile] ?? -1;
-}
 sameDominantEthnicity(cityA, cityB) {
 const a = this.dominantCityEthnicity(cityA);
 const b = this.dominantCityEthnicity(cityB);
@@ -2478,8 +2410,6 @@ const polity = {
 id,
 centerCityId: centerCity.id,
 cityIds: new Set([centerCity.id]),
-maxCityCount: 1,
-everHadMultipleCities: false,
 treasury: Math.max(0, centerCity.storedResources * 0.12),
 color: hslToRgb((id * 0.38196601125) % 1, 0.58, 0.62),
 founded: this.year,
@@ -2801,8 +2731,6 @@ city.polityId = polity.id;
 city.loyalty = clamp(initialLoyalty, 0, 1);
 city.receivedAid = false;
 polity.cityIds.add(city.id);
-polity.maxCityCount = Math.max(polity.maxCityCount || 0, polity.cityIds.size);
-if ((polity.maxCityCount || 0) > 1) polity.everHadMultipleCities = true;
 }
 removeCityFromPolity(city) {
 if (!city || city.polityId === null) return;
@@ -3169,7 +3097,7 @@ return this.sampleTileCampaignTargets(polity, (tile, connection) => {
 const w = this.world;
 if (w.polity[tile] >= 0 || w.city[tile] >= 0 || w.terrain[tile] === Terrain.WATER) return null;
 const population = w.population?.[tile] || w.pressure[tile] || 0;
-const ethnicity = this.dominantTileEthnicity(tile);
+const ethnicity = w.dominantEthnicity[tile];
 if (population < 2 && ethnicity < 0) return null;
 const diversity = w.cultureDiversity[tile] || 0;
 const sourceEthnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(connection.source);
@@ -3209,21 +3137,20 @@ const targets = [];
 for (const other of this.polities) {
 if (other.id === polity.id || !this.canBeWarTarget(other.id)) continue;
 const distance = this.polityDistance(polity, other);
-if (!Number.isFinite(distance) || distance > (cfg.maxTargetDistance ?? 48) * 1.25) continue;
+if (!Number.isFinite(distance) || distance > (cfg.maxTargetDistance ?? 48)) continue;
 const border = this.nearestBorderCampaignTile(polity, other);
 const city = this.borderWarTargetCity(polity, other);
 const defenderPower = Math.max(1, this.polityPower(other));
-const targetCityValue = city ? Math.sqrt(city.population || 1) * 0.32 + (city.tradeValue || 0) * 0.85 + (city.id === other.centerCityId ? 2.2 : 0) : 0.25;
+const targetCityValue = city ? Math.sqrt(city.population || 1) * 0.18 + (city.tradeValue || 0) * 0.5 : 0.25;
 const contested = border.tile != null && this.world.contested[border.tile] ? 0.75 : 0;
 const borderValue = this.borderFriction(polity, other, distance) + contested + targetCityValue;
-const defenderWeakness = clamp(1 - (other.cohesion ?? 0.6), 0, 0.8) + clamp((other.crisis || 0) * 0.25, 0, 0.5);
 const riskAppetite = this.rng.next() < 0.10 ? this.rng.range(0.4, 1.1) : 0;
-const score = borderValue + defenderWeakness - defenderPower / 110 - distance * 0.014 + this.polityPower(polity) / 120 + riskAppetite;
+const score = borderValue - defenderPower / 90 - distance * 0.018 + this.polityPower(polity) / 120 + riskAppetite;
 targets.push({
 targetTile: city ? this.world.idx(city.x, city.y) : border.tile,
 targetCityId: city?.id ?? null,
 defenderPolityId: other.id,
-weight: this.noisyTargetWeight(score) * (city ? 2.35 : 0.75)
+weight: this.noisyTargetWeight(score)
 });
 }
 return targets;
@@ -3284,42 +3211,14 @@ if (connection.distance < best.distance) best = { tile: i, distance: connection.
 return best;
 }
 borderWarTargetCity(attacker, defender) {
-const maxDistance = (SimConfig.campaign?.maxTargetDistance ?? 48) * 1.25;
+const maxDistance = SimConfig.campaign?.maxTargetDistance ?? 48;
 let best = null;
-let bestScore = -Infinity;
+let bestDistance = Infinity;
 for (const city of this.getPolityCities(defender)) {
 const connection = this.polityConnectionToCity(attacker, city);
-const direct = connection.source ? connection.distance : this.nearestPolityTileConnection(attacker, this.world.idx(city.x, city.y)).distance;
-const routeFactor = connection.source && this.hasDirectTradeConnection(connection.source, city) ? 0.62 : 1;
-const effectiveDistance = direct * routeFactor;
-if (!Number.isFinite(effectiveDistance) || effectiveDistance > maxDistance) continue;
-const contested = this.world.contested[this.world.idx(city.x, city.y)] ? 0.8 : 0;
-const value = Math.sqrt(city.population || 1) * 0.28 + (city.tradeValue || 0) * 0.9 + (city.id === defender.centerCityId ? 2.4 : 0) + contested - effectiveDistance * 0.045;
-if (value > bestScore) {
+if (connection.connected && connection.distance < bestDistance && connection.distance <= maxDistance) {
 best = city;
-bestScore = value;
-}
-}
-return best;
-}
-nearestEnemyCityNearTile(attacker, defender, tile, radius) {
-const w = this.world;
-const x = tile % w.size;
-const y = Math.floor(tile / w.size);
-let best = null;
-let bestScore = -Infinity;
-for (const city of this.getPolityCities(defender)) {
-const distance = Math.abs(city.x - x) + Math.abs(city.y - y);
-if (distance > radius) continue;
-const connection = this.polityConnectionToCity(attacker, city);
-const routeFactor = connection.connected && connection.source && this.hasDirectTradeConnection(connection.source, city) ? 0.70 : 1;
-const effectiveDistance = Math.min(distance, connection.distance * routeFactor);
-const cityTile = w.idx(city.x, city.y);
-const value = Math.sqrt(city.population || 1) * 0.30 + (city.tradeValue || 0) * 0.75 + (city.id === defender.centerCityId ? 2.0 : 0) + (w.contested[cityTile] ? 0.85 : 0);
-const score = value - effectiveDistance * 0.055;
-if (score > bestScore) {
-best = city;
-bestScore = score;
+bestDistance = connection.distance;
 }
 }
 return best;
@@ -3342,17 +3241,8 @@ expires: this.year + duration,
 progress: 0,
 strength: 0,
 resistance: 0,
-status: "active",
-affectedTiles: [],
-frontLineTiles: []
+status: "active"
 };
-const visualRadius = campaign.type === "border_war"
-? Math.max(5, Math.floor((cfg.claimRadius ?? 8) * 1.25))
-: Math.max(3, Math.floor((cfg.claimRadius ?? 8) * 0.75));
-campaign.affectedTiles = this.campaignAffectedTiles(campaign.targetTile, visualRadius);
-campaign.frontLineTiles = campaign.type === "border_war"
-? campaign.affectedTiles.filter(tile => this.isBorderTile(tile) || this.world.contested[tile])
-: [];
 this.campaigns.push(campaign);
 polity.lastCampaignYear = this.year;
 polity.nextCampaignAllowedYear = this.year + years(this.rng.range(cfg.minCooldownYears ?? 12, cfg.maxCooldownYears ?? 45));
@@ -3417,13 +3307,13 @@ const defender = campaign.defenderPolityId != null ? this.getPolityById(campaign
 const connection = this.nearestPolityTileConnection(attacker, tile);
 const terrain = w.move[tile] * (w.terrain[tile] === Terrain.MOUNTAIN ? 1.45 : 1);
 const population = targetCity?.population || w.population[tile] || w.pressure[tile] || 0;
-const defenderPower = defender ? this.polityPower(defender) * (campaign.type === "border_war" && targetCity ? 0.42 : 0.55) : 0;
+const defenderPower = defender ? this.polityPower(defender) * 0.55 : 0;
 const attackerEthnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(connection.source);
-const localEthnicity = targetCity ? this.dominantCityEthnicity(targetCity) : this.dominantTileEthnicity(tile);
+const localEthnicity = targetCity ? this.dominantCityEthnicity(targetCity) : w.dominantEthnicity[tile];
 const mismatch = attackerEthnicity !== null && localEthnicity !== null && localEthnicity >= 0 && attackerEthnicity !== localEthnicity ? 1.22 : 0.92;
 const foreignControl = w.polity[tile] >= 0 && w.polity[tile] !== attacker.id ? 1.35 : 1;
 return Math.max(0.2,
-(Math.sqrt(Math.max(1, population)) * (campaign.type === "border_war" && targetCity ? 2.75 : 3.2) + terrain * 8 + connection.distance * 0.32 + defenderPower) *
+(Math.sqrt(Math.max(1, population)) * 3.2 + terrain * 8 + connection.distance * 0.32 + defenderPower) *
 mismatch *
 foreignControl *
 (1 + (w.cultureDiversity[tile] || 0) * 0.35)
@@ -3444,35 +3334,15 @@ this.addPolityEvent(attacker.id, "annexation", this.year, this.campaignEventData
 } else if (campaign.type === "border_war") {
 const defender = this.getPolityById(campaign.defenderPolityId);
 const city = this.getCityById(campaign.targetCityId);
-let capturedCity = false;
 if (city && defender && city.polityId === defender.id) {
-capturedCity = true;
 this.removeCityFromPolity(city);
-this.addCityToPolity(city, attacker, 0.24);
-const capturedTile = this.world.idx(city.x, city.y);
-this.applyCampaignTerritory(attacker, capturedTile, Math.max(8, (SimConfig.campaign?.claimRadius ?? 8) + 4), 0.68);
-for (const nearby of this.getCitiesNear(city.x, city.y, 14)) {
-if (nearby.polityId === defender.id) nearby.loyalty = clamp((nearby.loyalty ?? 0.5) - 0.09, 0, 1);
-}
-defender.legitimacy = clamp((defender.legitimacy ?? 0.7) - 0.045, 0, 1);
-this.addPolityEvent(attacker.id, "annexation", this.year, this.campaignEventData(campaign, "capturedCity"), 3);
+this.addCityToPolity(city, attacker, 0.22);
 } else {
-this.applyCampaignTerritory(attacker, campaign.targetTile, Math.max(6, SimConfig.campaign?.claimRadius ?? 8), 0.58);
-if (defender) {
-const followUp = this.nearestEnemyCityNearTile(attacker, defender, campaign.targetTile, SimConfig.campaign?.maxTargetDistance ?? 48);
-if (followUp && campaign.progress > 0.85 && this.rng.next() < 0.55) {
-this.startCampaign(attacker, {
-type: "border_war",
-defenderPolityId: defender.id,
-targetCityId: followUp.id,
-targetTile: this.world.idx(followUp.x, followUp.y)
-});
-}
-}
+this.applyCampaignTerritory(attacker, campaign.targetTile, SimConfig.campaign?.claimRadius ?? 8, 0.48);
 }
 if (defender) {
-defender.cohesion = clamp((defender.cohesion ?? 0.6) - (capturedCity ? 0.075 : 0.045), 0, 1);
-defender.treasury = Math.max(0, (defender.treasury || 0) - campaign.strength * (capturedCity ? 0.065 : 0.045));
+defender.cohesion = clamp((defender.cohesion ?? 0.6) - 0.04, 0, 1);
+defender.treasury = Math.max(0, (defender.treasury || 0) - campaign.strength * 0.04);
 }
 this.addPolityEvent(attacker.id, "borderWar", this.year, this.campaignEventData(campaign, "succeeded"), 2);
 } else if (campaign.type === "nonstate_subjugation") {
@@ -3514,7 +3384,7 @@ campaignEthnicSimilarity(polity, campaign) {
 const source = this.nearestPolityTileConnection(polity, campaign.targetTile).source;
 const targetCity = this.getCityById(campaign.targetCityId);
 const a = this.dominantCityEthnicity(source);
-const b = targetCity ? this.dominantCityEthnicity(targetCity) : this.dominantTileEthnicity(campaign.targetTile);
+const b = targetCity ? this.dominantCityEthnicity(targetCity) : this.world.dominantEthnicity[campaign.targetTile];
 if (a === null || b === null || b < 0) return 0.45;
 return a === b ? 1 : 0.25;
 }
@@ -3546,7 +3416,7 @@ contested: false
 }
 }
 applySubjugationEffects(polity, campaign) {
-const localEthnicity = campaign.targetEthnicity ?? this.dominantTileEthnicity(campaign.targetTile);
+const localEthnicity = campaign.targetEthnicity ?? this.world.dominantEthnicity[campaign.targetTile];
 if (localEthnicity == null || localEthnicity < 0) return;
 const sourceEthnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(this.nearestPolityTileConnection(polity, campaign.targetTile).source);
 if (sourceEthnicity === localEthnicity) return;
@@ -3558,7 +3428,7 @@ if (city.polityId === polity.id) city.loyalty = clamp((city.loyalty ?? 0.5) - 0.
 }
 seedFrontierPopulation(polity, tile) {
 const source = this.nearestPolityTileConnection(polity, tile).source;
-const ethnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(source) ?? this.dominantTileEthnicity(tile);
+const ethnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(source) || this.world.dominantEthnicity[tile];
 if (!source || ethnicity == null || ethnicity < 0) return;
 const migrants = Math.max(1, Math.floor(Math.min(source.population * 0.018, 14)));
 source.population = Math.max(1, source.population - migrants);
@@ -3625,7 +3495,7 @@ if (share > 0) composition.set(id, Math.max(1, Math.round(basePopulation * share
 }
 }
 if (!composition.size) {
-const regionalEthnicity = this.dominantTileEthnicity(targetTile);
+const regionalEthnicity = this.world.dominantEthnicity[targetTile];
 const sourceEthnicity = this.dominantCityEthnicity(source) || (regionalEthnicity >= 0 ? regionalEthnicity : 1);
 composition.set(sourceEthnicity, isFrontier ? 12 : 18);
 }
@@ -3662,7 +3532,6 @@ this.cityBuckets.get(bucketKey).push(city);
 this.addCityToPolity(city, polity, city.loyalty);
 w.city[targetTile] = city.id;
 this.removeEthnicPopulationProportionally(targetTile, Math.min(seedPopulation, (w.population[targetTile] || 0) * 0.65));
-this.assignNewCityToTerritoryOwner(city, targetTile);
 this.projectCityPopulationToTiles(city);
 this.syncTilePopulationCulture();
 return city;
@@ -4131,8 +4000,6 @@ cleanupPolities() {
 const survivors = [];
 for (const polity of this.polities) {
 const cities = this.getPolityCities(polity);
-polity.maxCityCount = Math.max(polity.maxCityCount || 0, cities.length);
-if ((polity.maxCityCount || 0) > 1) polity.everHadMultipleCities = true;
 if (!cities.length) {
 this.markPolityEnded(polity, "collapsed");
 continue;
@@ -4164,17 +4031,24 @@ const connectedCities = this.enforcePolityContinuity(polity);
 if (connectedCities.length !== cities.length) {
 cities.length = 0;
 cities.push(...connectedCities);
-polity.maxCityCount = Math.max(polity.maxCityCount || 0, cities.length);
 }
 if (cities.length === 1) {
-const singleCityFate = this.singleCityPolityCollapseReason(polity, cities[0]);
-if (singleCityFate) {
-this.markPolityEnded(polity, singleCityFate);
-cities[0].polityId = null;
-cities[0].loyalty = 0.45;
-cities[0].receivedAid = false;
-continue;
-}
+  const city = cities[0];
+  const ageYears = (this.year - (polity.founded ?? this.year)) / WEEKS_PER_YEAR;
+  const weakSingleCityState =
+    ageYears > 80 &&
+    city.population < 45 &&
+    (polity.legitimacy ?? 0.7) < 0.25 &&
+    (polity.cohesion ?? 0.6) < 0.25 &&
+    (polity.crisis || 0) > 0.9;
+
+  if (weakSingleCityState) {
+    this.markPolityEnded(polity, "collapsed");
+    city.polityId = null;
+    city.loyalty = 0.45;
+    city.receivedAid = false;
+    continue;
+  }
 }
 survivors.push(polity);
 }
@@ -4189,20 +4063,6 @@ city.receivedAid = false;
 }
 }
 }
-singleCityPolityCollapseReason(polity, city) {
-if (!polity || !city) return "collapsed";
-const age = this.polityAge(polity);
-if (age < 80) return null;
-const lowPopulation = (city.population || 0) < 18;
-const lowResources = (city.storedResources || 0) < Math.max(1, (city.population || 1) * 0.025);
-const lowInstitutions = (polity.legitimacy ?? 0.7) < 0.18 && (polity.cohesion ?? 0.6) < 0.18;
-const highCrisis = (polity.crisis || 0) > 1.05;
-const cityFailing = city.strength <= 0.12 || city.loyalty < 0.08;
-if ((lowPopulation && (lowResources || cityFailing)) || (lowInstitutions && highCrisis && lowResources)) {
-return polity.everHadMultipleCities ? "fragmented" : "collapsed";
-}
-return null;
-}
 updatePolities() {
 if (this.year % years(1) !== 0) return;
 this.cleanupPolities();